Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
ATAVET II. INTERNATIONAL III. NATIONAL VETERINARY MEDICINE STUDENT CONGRESS, Erzurum, Türkiye, 15 - 16 Aralık 2021, ss.68-72
ABSTRACT
Apoptosis occurs during development, aging, and as a homeostatic mechanism for
maintaining cell populations in tissues. Apoptosis also occurs as a defense mechanism or when cells are
damaged by harmful substances. There is a group of proteins that control apoptosis. These include the
Bcl-2 proteins, the tumor suppressor protein p53, the Apoptosis Dec Inhibitor (IAP) Family Genes. The
cell receiving apoptotic signals is disconnected from the surrounding tissues and its microvilli are lost.
There is a constriction of the cell membrane. In electron microscopy studies, it has been observed that
bud-shaped structures occur. These bud-shaped structures are called "zeiosis". Normally,
phosphatidylserine, which is located in the inner part of the cell membrane, exits to the outer part of the
membrane. As a result of the binding of vitronectin and lectin receptors located in phagocytosing cells
with phosphatidylserine, phagocytosis is stimulated. In the researches, it has been observed that there
are 2 main apoptotic pathways. These are the extrinsic pathway and the intrinsic pathway. Apart from
these two ways, there is also a perforin granzyme pathway. The fact that apoptosis occurs more than
usual leads to degenerative diseases and the fact that it occurs less than necessary is associated with
proliferative diseases. The aim of this literature review is to discuss the homeostatic effect mechanism
of apoptosis, the formation of apoptosis in cells, and its positive effects in the treatment of diseases.
Keywords: Apoptosis, Bcl-2, p53, Zeiosis.