Production of Single-Cell Oil from Olive Mill Wastewater: Effects of Process Variables on Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Profile
Fermentation, cilt.12, sa.6, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 12 Sayı: 6
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.3390/fermentation12060289
- Dergi Adı: Fermentation
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals, Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: olive mill wastewater, microbial lipid production, Taguchi design, process optimization, waste valorization, fatty acid profile, Yarrowia lipolytica
- Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Olive mill wastewater (OMW), due to its high organic load and phenolic content, represents both a major environmental challenge and a promising low-cost substrate for microbial bioprocesses. In this study, lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica using OMW was optimized through a mixed-level Taguchi experimental design. The effects of OMW dilution (%), nitrogen supplementation, NaCl concentration, sterilization, and carbon source (glucose or glycerol) were evaluated in terms of biomass production, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid composition. The results demonstrated a clear inverse relationship between biomass formation and lipid accumulation. The highest lipid content (33.49%) was achieved under nitrogen-limited conditions combined with a high OMW dilution. After 168 h of fermentation, the calculated lipid yield was 0.51 g/L. Biomass and lipid productivities were calculated as 0.22 g/L/day and 0.073 g/L/day, respectively. ANOVA analysis revealed that nitrogen concentration was the dominant factor affecting lipid production (67.71%), followed by NaCl concentration (18.83%). In contrast, OMW dilution, sterilization, and carbon source type were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), indicating that lipid production can be effectively performed under non-sterile conditions with flexible substrate utilization. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the produced lipids were rich in oleic acid (C18:1n9c), reaching up to 57.97%, with unsaturated fatty acids generally accounting for the majority of the total fatty acid composition. Although the carbon source had a limited effect on lipid yield, it contributed to variations in fatty acid composition, suggesting the possibility of tailoring lipid quality through substrate selection.