Tilia species (linden) exert anti-cancer effects on MIA PaCa-2 cells through the modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation
Scientific reports, cilt.15, sa.1, ss.2317, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 15 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1038/s41598-025-86457-2
- Dergi Adı: Scientific reports
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.2317
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Tilia species, 3D spheroid model, Anti-inflammatory activity, Anticancer activity, Antioxidant activity, Phenolic profile
- Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of the chemically characterized Tilia species (linden) on MIA PaCa-2 cells by analyzing various cancer-triggering mechanisms, including oxidative stress and inflammation status. Extracts from the flowers, bracts, and inflorescences of T. cordata, T. platyphyllos, T. rubra, and T. tomentosa were evaluated for antioxidant activity; subsequently, their ability to mitigate inflammation was assessed through in vitro nitrite assays in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. The anticancer potentials of the extracts against MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells were investigated in 2D (cytotoxic effect) and 3D (effect on spheroid growth) models in vitro. All investigated Tilia species displayed remarkable antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitrite, IL-6, and PGE2 production. Extract from T. rubra bracts showed the highest cytotoxic activity against MIA PaCa-2 cells with an IC50 value of 0.16 mg/mL, as well as the most significant delay on spheroid growth, which was further confirmed through the arrest in cell cycle. In the Annexin V cell death assays of T. rubra, cells treated with the flower extract exhibited the highest rate of necrotic population with 66.53%. Overall, our results highlight a potential use for Tilia extracts, particularly T. rubra, in pancreatic cancer treatment by modulating cell death.