Unusual phenolphthalein-based fluorescent sensors for medium-selective multi-ions sensing in real samples

Hussein A. S., LAFZİ F., Bayindir S., Toprak M.

Inorganica Chimica Acta, cilt.581, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 581
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.ica.2025.122641
  • Dergi Adı: Inorganica Chimica Acta
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Aluminum, Cadmium, Multi-ions sensing, pH selective sensing, Phenolphthalein, Turn-on, Zinc
  • Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This study aimed to synthesize unusual phenolphthalein-based probes (PPs) and explore their photochemical properties. Synthesized PPs were investigated for their interactions with various ions in aqueous solutions using UV–Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. PP1 exhibited turn-on fluorescence responses to Al3+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ ions at pH 7, while PP2 responded specifically to Zn2+ ions. Notably, pH-dependent selectivity was observed for PP1, with Al3+ and Zn2+ ions triggering turn-on responses at pH 5 and 9, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) values and association constants (Kₐ) were determined for these interactions. Additionally, reversible on/off switching behavior was demonstrated for PP1/PP2 upon alternate addition of AlCl₃/ZnCl₂ and [Bu₄N]OH. The effectiveness of PPs for real-world sample analysis was confirmed. Furthermore, the PP2-Cd2+ complex exhibited irreversible binding with cyanide and thiocyanide ions.