Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study investigates the electrochemical degradation of phenol in synthetic wastewater using a dimensionally stable Ti/IrO2/RuO2 anodes. These active mixed metal oxide anodes are commercially available and offer high oxidative capacity, corrosion resistance and extended service life compared to others reported in the literature, making them suitable for industrial wastewater treatment applications. The effects of initial pH, current density (CD), supporting electrolyte (NaCl) concentration and initial phenol concentration (C0) on total phenol (TPh) removal, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and energy efficiency were evaluated. Complete TPh removal and 78.41% COD were achieved at the natural pH of 5.68, CD of 3.84 mA/cm2, C0 of 100 mg/L and NaCl of 100 mM. Kinetic analysis revealed that both TPh and COD degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with high R2 (0.970 for TPh and 0.960 for COD) and rate constants of 0.02759 min−1 and 0.0102 min−1, respectively. Increasing the current density and NaCl concentration enhanced degradation rates, whereas higher C0 reduced efficiency probably due to the formation and accumulation of intermediates. Effective TPh removal was achieved without pH adjustment, minimising chemical usage and operational costs. Under selected optimum conditions (CD: 3.84 mA/cm2, pH: 5.68, C0: 100 mg/L, NaCl: 25 mM), 83.6% TPh and 49.2% COD removal efficiencies were obtained, corresponding to pseudo-first-order rate constants of 0.0231 min−1 and 0.0107 min−1. The energy consumptions under these conditions were calculated as 86.7 kWh/m3 and 141.44 kWh per log TPh removal. The results show that Ti/IrO2/RuO2-based electro-oxidation is a highly efficient, predictable and sustainable method for treating phenol-contaminated wastewater, with NaCl concentration playing a critical role in energy efficiency. Energy consumption was reduced by 50% (from 116.9 to 64.3 kWh/m3) when 100 mM NaCl was used, showing potential for reduced energy consumptions for industrial applications.