Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Water Environment Research, cilt.98, sa.5, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Wastewater containing safranin from dyes used in textile industries has serious harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems and living organisms. This has led to increased interest in advanced toxicity assessment of this dye and the treatment of its wastewater with sustainable biological removal methods. In this study, using in vitro model systems and molecular approach, new insights into the toxicity of safranin were obtained, a sustainable biomass was developed from Betula pendula (BP) biomass, and the detoxification potential of BP biomass was investigated for the first time. Safranin application up to 10 ppm caused significant phytotoxic effects on the physiological parameters of and the anatomical parameters of Allium cepa L. After safranin treatment, significant changes in cytogenetic parameters and oxidant–antioxidant dynamics, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were observed. Molecular interactions between Safranin and target receptors associated with in vitro parameters were determined by molecular docking analysis. BP biomass treatment significantly detoxified safranin solutions, and improvements in the values of the tested physiological, cytogenetic, biochemical, and anatomical parameters were observed. Safranin was removed by 98% from aqueous solutions by using BP biomass under optimal conditions. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models best fitted in isotherm and kinetic studies. Biosorption process occurred spontaneously because ∆G° values were negative in thermodynamic studies. These results suggest that BP biomass is an important biomass for safranin detoxification due to its low cost, sustainable, and effective treatment.