Immunohistochemical evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations in sheep pneumonia caused by RSV, PIV3, and their coinfections
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, cilt.300, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 300
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2026.111178
- Dergi Adı: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: IHC, Lamb, PCR, PIV3, RSV, T and B Lymphocytes
- Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV‑3) are important pathogens causing respiratory infections in humans and animals worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the presence of RSV and PIV‑3 in lambs with pneumonia, including single and mixed infections, and to evaluate the role of different lymphocyte types in immunopathogenesis. The material consisted of lung samples from 100 lambs (aged 4–12 months) with pneumonia, collected between July and November 2024. PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect viral presence, while hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining and IHC were applied to assess pathological changes. PCR results showed PIV3 alone in 7%, RSV alone in 8%, and co-infection in 7% of cases. IHC findings revealed PIV3 in 6%, RSV in 6%, and mixed infections in 6% of the samples. In addition, immune responses to PIV and RSV viral infections were evaluated by determining the expression levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes and CD19+ B lymphocytes via IHC analysis. It was demonstrated that these viruses specifically elicit responses from helper T cells and B cells. Given the limited availability of pharmaceutical and therapeutic options against RSV and PIV3, and the lack of a licensed vaccine for these infections particularly in small ruminants it is believed that the data obtained from this study will contribute to future vaccine development efforts. It has also been concluded that the cytokine profiles involved in the pathogenesis of these infections should be examined in greater detail from a broader perspective.