AI-generated or human instructors for video lectures in higher education? A comparison of visual attention, cognitive load, satisfaction, social presence and learning: an eye tracking study
Education and Information Technologies, 2026 (SSCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s10639-026-14149-z
- Dergi Adı: Education and Information Technologies
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, IBZ Online, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, EBSCO Education Source, Education Abstracts, Educational research abstracts (ERA), ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), INSPEC, Social Science Premium Collection (ProQuest), Education Collection (ProQuest), Education Source Ultimate (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Artificial intelligence, AI-generated instructors, Digital videos, Eye tracking
- Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study examines the effects of AI-generated and human instructors in instructional videos designed to teach declarative and procedural knowledge. The independent variables were instructor type and knowledge type, while the dependent variables included visual attention, cognitive load, satisfaction, social presence, and learning outcomes. Using a randomized experimental design with 90 university students, the study employed eye-tracking technology and self-report measures. The findings showed that AI-generated and human instructors produced comparable levels of visual attention. However, the presence of an instructor image—whether human or AI-generated—was associated with increased cognitive load in procedural knowledge videos. Participants reported higher satisfaction with the no-instructor condition for procedural knowledge, whereas no significant differences were observed for declarative knowledge. Perceived social presence was significantly higher in the human instructor condition than in the AI-generated instructor condition. In addition, participants in the AI-generated instructor condition achieved higher learning outcomes than those in the comparison conditions.