Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
SELCUK UNIVERSITESI TURKIYAT ARASTIRMALARI DERGISI-SELCUK UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF STUDIES IN TURCOLOGY, sa.59, ss.109-137, 2023 (ESCI)
According to the Armistice of Mudanya, Refet Pasha, who was assigned to take over Thrace which Greece was going to evacuate on behalf of the Government of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, arrived in Istanbul on October 19, 1922. The people of Istanbul, who have been under the actual occupation for about four years, welcomed Refet Pasha with great joy and enthusiasm. Refet Pasha announced to the Sultan and the representatives of the government, who greeted him, that the Government of the Grand National Assembly did not recognize a sultan and a government in Istanbul. In his speeches and interviews, he made important statements about the management style of the New Turkish state established in Anatolia. In these statements, he defined the system established in Anatolia as the sultanate-i milliye (national reign) and argued that the established system was a parliamentary government system based on the union of forces, not similar to systems such as a republic or a constitutional monarchy, and that it was born out of Anatolia's own needs. Against these speeches of Refet Pasha, Lutfi Fikri Bey, who was the President of the Istanbul Bar Association, wrote a pamphlet and criticized his views. According to Lutfi Fikri, the most suitable system for Turkey was the constitutional system. After the publication of Lutfi Fikri Bey's pamphlet, discussions on what the regime in Turkey would be gained momentum. Meanwhile, on November 1, 1922, the sultanate and the caliphate were separated from each other by the decision of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the sultanate was abolished. After the abolition of the Sultanate, the discussions about the parliamentary government system implemented in Anatolia continued. In this context, various pamphlets were published against Lutfi Fikri Bey's pamphlet. At the same time, the issue was reflected in the press of the period. Discussions were generally carried out on the topics of constitutionalism, republic, separation of powers, unity of powers, national sovereignty, parliamentary government system.