Multiple Sclerosis and Microbiota
Microbiota and Clinical Disorders: Neuroimmunology to Cardio-Pulmonary Links, NOVA Publications , ss.1-21, 2026
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Yayınevi: NOVA Publications
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-21
- Anahtar Kelimeler: brain-gut axis, diet, microbiota, sclerosis
- Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating, autoimmune, inflammatory, and chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the white and gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. MS has subtypes, including clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), secondary progressive MS (SPMS), primary progressive MS, progressive-relapsing MS, and benign MS (BMS). MS manifests with various clinical symptoms such as blurry vision, weakness or altered sensations in parts of the body like the legs, paresthesia, ataxia, autonomic dysfunction, and cognitive dysfunction. Etiologically, it has a complex etiology in which genetic and environmental factors play significant roles. Environmental factors such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, Epstein-Barr virus infection, low vitamin D levels, smoking, obesity, stress, and other unknown factors have been suggested to be involved in the disease. In addition to all these etiological causes, gut microbiota (GM) is considered to be a contributing factor to inflammation and autoimmune reactions, playing a fundamental role in the development and function of both the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). GM is a combination of fungi, bacteria, eukaryotes, archaea, and viruses found in the intestinal mucosa. In addition to food digestion and nutrient absorption, GM microorganisms also carry out functions such as vitamin synthesis, epithelial cell maturation, and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. Dysbiosis of the GM composition, referred to as gut dysbiosis, plays a key role in many autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis). MS is among the diseases associated with dysbiosis. Although a clear cause-and-effect relationship between MS and gut dysbiosis has not been established, it is believed that the relationship between the host immune system and microbiota induces protective mechanisms against pathogens and establishes a regulatory response towards the tolerance of harmless antigens. Therefore, in recent years, the topic of microbiota has become a focal point in investigating its role in pathophysiology and identifying its place in treatment.