Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies, cilt.8, sa.47, ss.759-775, 2022 (Hakemli Dergi)
Migration is a phenomenon as old as human history. The fact that humanity lived a nomadic life before the transition to a settled life shows that the existence of this phenomenon goes way back. The phenomenon of migration refers to the mobility of individuals or groups from a certain region to a different region. Migrations are divided into different types according to the characteristics they carry. The most notable among these distinctions concerns the legality of immigration. While immigrating from the country of immigration with permission is legal immigration; What is done without permission is called irregular migration.
All of the international migrations seriously affect the sending, receiving and transit countries economically, socially, culturally and politically. Countries that want to be protected from the multifaceted effects of migration develop various policies in order to protect themselves from the negative effects of migration and to manage the migration management process well. These developed policies are of much more critical importance for countries with irregular migration. As a matter of fact, the fact that states have knowledge and permission in legal migrations actually indicates the existence of a certain policy. However, irregular migration shows that countries do not have a certain migration management policy or it does not work well. It is seen that most of the policies taken for irregular migrations focus on the security dimension of migrations. Therefore, irregular migration is a security problem for countries.
Due to its geopolitical position, our country is a region where immigration is experienced intensely. Our country has both immigration and transit country characteristics together. Due to the political crises in the countries in the Middle East, the intensity of migration has increased more. In addition, due to the political events and acts of violence in Afghanistan, a serious wave of migration has directed towards our country.
Within the scope of this study, the phenomenon of security is discussed in the context of national and international migration policies. The implications of these policies for national security are emphasized. In addition, the migration from Afghanistan to our country is evaluated in terms of the securitization approach. As a result of the researches, it is seen that immigration policies are actually a security policy. Countries regulate their immigration policies to protect their national interests and to protect the well-being of their citizens. Therefore, it is seen that realism dominates the emergence of migration policies beyond giving importance to human values. Accordingly, countries generally act in accordance with the interests of the country in migration management and acceptance of immigrants. While some countries accept only those with intellectual knowledge, some countries mostly accept workers who will work in the fields of industry and agriculture. As a matter of fact, both forms of immigrant acceptance reflect what should be according to the current conjunctures of the countries.
Keywords: Migration Policies, Irregular Migration, Migration Management, Security, Afghanistan