The historical roots of the use of art as a political propaganda tool go back to ancient times. Artists were influenced by the political and social realities of the eras in which they practiced their art, therefore they frequently used imagery related to these structures in their works, nourished by both their national and religious origins and their intellectual and factional affiliations as a necessity and result of the parties they were politically involved in. One of the art forms in which the unity of thought and literature is most visible is undoubtedly poetry. Îliyyâ Ebû Mâdi, who was born into a mostly Lebanese Orthodox Christian family and is one of the prominent figures of Mahjar literature, wrote about the Russian attacks that started in November 1914 during World War I and continued until 16 February 1916, resulting in the fall of Erzurum. His poem “The Fall of Erzurum”, in which he expresses his satisfaction with the occupation, is one of the examples of political poetry that is a product of propaganda and advocacy shaped in this manner. This poem by Îliyyâ Ebû Mâdi is not only a description of historical events, but also an important example that reflects the political atmosphere and social reactions of the period. In this work, the poet, on the one hand, nourishes the feelings of pride and victory of Russians, based on a religious-sectarian common denominator, and on the other hand, uses poetry as a political propaganda tool. In addition, Îliyyâ Ebû Mâdi’s poem “The Fall of Erzurum” is an important example showing how art brings a perspective to historical events by effectively blending it with political and religious feelings of belonging, as well as it offers important clues both to understand the political atmosphere of the period and how art contributes to social and political struggles. The aim of the study is to evaluate the poem in question on historical and literary grounds, taking into account the political structure of the age in which it was written.