The Protective Effect of Gallic Acid Against Bisphenol A-Induced Ovarian Toxicity and Endocrine Disruption in Female Rats


GEZER A., ÜSTÜNDAĞ H., Baygutalp N. K., ERBAŞ E., ÖZKARACA M.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD, cilt.27, sa.7, ss.651-660, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 27 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1089/jmf.2024.0088
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.651-660
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: bisphenol A toxicity, endocrine disruption, gallic acid, inflammatory markers, ovarian histopathology, oxidative, stress parameters
  • Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of gallic acid (GA) against ovarian damage induced by bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in female rats. We evaluated whether GA can mitigate the adverse effects of BPA on ovarian structure, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reproductive hormone levels. Methods: Thirty-two female rats were categorized into four groups: control, GA, BPA, and GA+BPA. Histopathological evaluations of ovarian tissue were performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The immunohistochemical analysis was conducted for inflammatory, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptotic markers (Tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF alpha], cyclooxygenase-2 [COX2], interleukin-1 beta [IL-1 beta], 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8-OHdG], and caspase 3). Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels. Furthermore, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Histopathological outcomes revealed that BPA significantly induced follicular degeneration, which was effectively mitigated by GA treatment (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis highlighted the exacerbation of inflammatory responses and oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis (TNF alpha, COX-2, IL-1 beta, 8-OHdG, and caspase 3) in BPA-exposed tissues, which were reduced in the presence of GA (P < 0.05). The assessment of oxidative stress demonstrated that GA could significantly decrease lipid peroxidation and partially restore antioxidant defense mechanisms disrupted by BPA (P < 0.05). Hormonal profiling indicated that BPA exposure altered the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone, with GA treatment showing a capacity to modulate these changes, especially in progesterone levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings suggest that GA exhibits protective properties against BPA-induced ovarian damage through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, alongside its ability to modulate hormonal imbalances. This research underscores the therapeutic potential of GA in safeguarding reproductive health against environmental toxicants.