EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS, cilt.32, sa.6, ss.729-734, 2010 (SCI-Expanded)
The results of the Student's t-test showed that the treatment group had a concave facial profile when compared with the controls. At the end of treatment, the maxilla and surrounding soft tissues showed significant anterior movement (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively), whereas mandibular growth was restricted. The vertical dimensions increased, the upper incisors proclined, and the lower incisors retroclined significantly (P < 0.001). The FR-3 appliance produced significant improvements in the hard and soft tissues of Class III subjects with a concave profile.