Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
SIRNAK UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF DIVINITY FACULTY, sa.35, ss.120-144, 2024 (ESCI)
It is considered that language is a structure made up of sounds. The words and sentences that establish a language are formed by bringing together the sounds in a certain order and sequence within the language's own systematics. The linguistic units that make up the language have a general systematic and sequence appropriate to the structure of the language in which they are used, and this general order and sequence is evident in most language structures. However, for some literal and semantic reasons, there are changes in place between the sounds that encode the word and the words that establish the sentence. The replacement of the sounds making up the words and of the words establish the sentence are called as metatez or g & ouml;& ccedil;& uuml;sme in Turkish, and as metathesis in English. The replacement of word units in the Arabic language has a relationship with the sciences of morphology (sarf), which examines the word structure in Arabic, with syntax(nahw), which examines the structure of the sentence, and with rhetoric, which examines the semantic dimension of the sentence. Within the unique terminology of each discipline, changes between speech units are expressed in different terms. The change of place of sounds within the word is the subject of morphology and this change is called al-qalb al-makani. The replacement applied between sentence units is the subject of both grammar and rhetoric. The change between sentence units is called takdim-ta'hir or qalb, due to the characteristics determined by its nature, scope and purpose. This study will examine the rhetorical aspect of the subject. As a rhetorical term, qalb refers to the displacement of the units forming the sentence by assuming each other's duties and attributes. In this context, the study excludes the issues related to alqalb al-makani, which expresses the sound change within the word, and takdim-ta'hir, which expresses the replacement of sentence units with their functions and adjectives. As a matter of fact, the morphological and syntactic dimension of the displacement of sounds in words and words in sentences has been the subject of numerous previous studies. This study aims to analyse the replacements in a sentence by evaluating the subject in the context of rhetoric data. In most works of rhetoric, it is seen that the explanations and examples regarding the subject of the qalb do not have an independent title, and that this subject is touched upon in the context of other subjects of rhetoric. Works that examine the subject independently address the qalb with different contents. For this reason, one of the goals of this study is to draw a framework regarding the content and boundaries of the qalb by evaluating the information in the sources related to this term from a holistic perspective. Since there are many reasons for the replacement of words in a sentence regarding wording and meaning, the subject is discussed in terms of meaning and wording. In the study, the data obtained by examining the sources using historical descriptive research and document analysis methods are evaluated. As a result of the study, it was seen that in some of the expressions subject to the qalb process, the wording aspect was more evident, while in others the meaning aspect was more evident. The content of the terms takdim-ta'hir and qalb, which have a common aspect in terms of expressing the change between sentence elements, was also examined. In this context, it has been concluded that not every change between sentence elements can be expressed as qalb, and that the qalb process is only possible when the words subject to the process take on the functions and semantic characteristics of the words they replace. In this respect, the change defined by the term qalb is distinguished from takdim-ta'hir, which refers to the change of place of sentence units while preserving their own functions and characteristics.