Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
All Sciences Academy, Konya, 2025
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most intricate joints in the human body, enabling both movement and function of the jaw. It consists of several anatomical components, including the articulating bones, articular disc, connective tissues, muscles, nerves, and vascular structures. The coordination among these elements ensures proper mandibular function. Any dysfunction within this joint is classified as a temporomandibular disorder (TMD), which may initially present as sensitivity and progress to pain and loss of function during routine activities such as chewing, speaking, and swallowing. TMD is a common health issue, particularly among women aged 20 to 40.
This study investigates the anatomy and physiology of the TMJ, as well as the classification, symptoms, and treatment options for TMD. The treatment section primarily focuses on non-invasive (conservative) modalities; however, surgical approaches are also discussed within the context. Phase 1 treatments—including patient education, occlusal splints, physical therapy, pharmacological interventions, and botulinum toxin injections—are examined for symptom management. In cases where these are insufficient, Phase 2 treatments such as occlusal adjustments, orthodontic interventions, and surgical procedures are also considered.
In conclusion, the effective management of TMD relies heavily on early diagnosis, patient awareness, and a multidisciplinary treatment strategy. These measures contribute to pain reduction, functional improvement, and a significant enhancement in patients' quality of life.