The determination of wide-range pharmaceuticals class in Erzurum biological wastewater treatment plant using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry: occurrence, treatment efficiency, and environmental risk assessment

Creative Commons License

Eren Z.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY, cilt.44, sa.3, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 44 Sayı: 3
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1093/etojnl/vgae009
  • Dergi Adı: ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Aqualine, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, EMBASE, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Geobase, Greenfile, Metadex, Pollution Abstracts, Public Affairs Index, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
  • Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Pharmaceuticals as an important group of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are unintentionally discharged into the aquatic environment due to lack of advanced treatment of classical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Therefore, the detection and monitoring studies of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in an aquatic environment are getting more important as well as the definition of their ecological risks to the aquatic ecosystem. To conduct these studies successfully, it is necessary to develop sensitive, robust, selective, and reliable methods to be able to analyze PPCPs. This study was carried out in the biological WWTP (BWWTP) of Erzurum City, T & uuml;rkiye, to investigate the treatment efficiency of pharmaceuticals in the plant and to assess the ecological risks for the Karasu River where treated wastewater is discharged into it. For this purpose, a wide range of pharmaceutical classes in influent wastewater (IWW) and effluent wastewater samples taken from Erzurum BBWWTP, T & uuml;rkiye was simultaneously identified and quantified with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry following liquid phase extraction for sample preparation. A total of 55 active pharmaceutical groups in 25 general drug groups (29 subgroups) were detected, with the highest average ratios being 82.459%, 7.306%, 4.949%, and 2.145% for analgesic-anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, diabetic, and antipyretic pharmaceuticals groups, respectively, in IWW. Although flurbiprofen from the analgesic-anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals group was treated with the average efficiency of 66.13% during the 12-month treatment period, it had a high risk quotient due to the very high initial concentration in WWT in the range of 809.01-22,901.10 mu g/L.