Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Prospects of Hydrogen Fueled Power Generation, Shukla Anoop Kumar, Singh Onkar, Chamkha Ali J., Sharma Meeta, Editör, River Publishers, New York, ss.81-121, 2024
Hydrogen-based technologies are getting a lot of attention as clean energy sources that can help meet the growing demand for energy and cut carbon emissions from transportation. The most well-known ways to make hydrogen are through steam reforming (48%), oil reforming (30%), gasification (18%), and electrolysis (4%). Besides hydrogen storage in gaseous (2.70 MJ/L, 30 MPa) and liquid (8.52 MJ/L) forms, the release of hydrogen from metal hydrides (10.8–12.0 MJ/L) is another alternative for hydrogen storage. Hydrogen, which has a high energy density, is used as fuel in fuel cells, which are the top technology products for transportation, stationary use, and portable use. Electric vehicles include battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. The energy conversion value, which is in the range of 20%–30% in fossil fuel-based vehicles, increases to 50%–60% in vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells. Fuel cell electric vehicles can travel up to 300 miles and have a charging time of fewer than 10 minutes. Today, leading automotive companies are releasing fuel cell-powered vehicle models (Ford Fusion Hydrogen 999, Volvo C30 Electric Range Extender, Chevrolet Sequel, Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell, Honda Clarity Fuel Cell, Daimler B-Class, and Toyota Mirai). Experts forecast that the number of fuel cell electric vehicles will reach 400 million by 2050. Society will be able to accept hydrogen when the problems of safe storage and transport, lack of infrastructure, high cost, and short-term performance of hydrogen-based products are fixed. Hydrogen’s high energy density makes it a good choice for places where fuel tanks are limited in size and weight, like submarines and spacecraft. Notably, hydrogen fuel cells propel the vehicles used in military applications with a tank for long periods, shortening the tank refueling time considerably and reducing the need for maintenance. Hydrogen energy also stands out in aviation with its high gravimetric energy density (33.3 kWh/kg). Fuel cells support the energy grid in buildings and heat the buildings together with the micro-combined heat and pump system. Fuel cells provide 1–30 W of power to portable electronic devices. Hydrogen refueling stations currently offer a capacity of over 1000 kgH2/day for liquid hydrogen and a range of 100–520 kgH2/day for gaseous hydrogen. In this chapter, prospects, roadmaps, and product prototypes are discussed regarding hydrogen energy and fuel cells, which will be encountered in all areas of our lives in the future.