Microbiota and Anxiety
in: Microbiota and Clinical Disorders: Neuroimmunology to Cardio-Pulmonary Links, NOVA Publications , pp.69-77, 2026
- Publication Type: Book Chapter / Chapter Research Book
- Publication Date: 2026
- Publisher: NOVA Publications
- Page Numbers: pp.69-77
- Keywords: anxiety, microbiota, probiotics
- Ataturk University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the complex relationship between gut microbiota and mental health. This chapter aims to shed light on the connection between microbiota and anxiety from neurobiological, behavioral, and microbial perspectives. Strongly suspected neurochemical pathways in anxiety disorders are outlined, including the serotonergic system, GABAergic activity, dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, etc. Germ-free animal studies showed altered responses in anxiety-like behaviors, corticosterone levels, and neurotransmitter turnover, suggesting microbiota’s essential role in behavioral modulation. Further studies that took up the composition of gut microbiota have revealed a link between bacterial species and the severity of anxiety, both in clinical and experimental contexts. Additionally, promising results in relieving symptoms of anxiety through neurochemical pathways and structural composition of microbiota arose from probiotic interventions. Finally, the vagus nerve, yet to be discovered further but supposed to be a crucial mediator in the microbiota and brain axis, is discussed on the evidence-based necessity of it on the anxiolytic effects of microbial strains. In conclusion, the therapeutic impact of microbiota in managing anxiety disorders is emphasized.