Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMATA, cilt.2, sa.4, ss.91-95, 2022 (Hakemli Dergi)
Biomarkers used in the early diagnosis and treatment of prediabetes and diabetes, which are
based on obesity and metabolic syndrome, are inadequate due to the complexity of the etiology
of diabetes, and studies for developing new biomarkers for diabetes and/or determining an
early diagnosis biomarker are ongoing in the scientific world. Since obesity can be prevented
to a certain extent by long-term diet and exercise, it can be considered that the long-term and
periodic investigation of a group of cytokines related to exercise and body fat mass may be
meaningful. For example, the cytokines irisin (a myokine released from the muscle by exercise)
and adiponectin (adipokine, an indicator of decreased body fat mass have similar effects in
terms of antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Therefore, high levels of adiponectin and irisin can
be considered in diabetic patients, and delayed micro and macrovascular complications of
diabetes due to obesity and metabolic syndrome can be considered. On the other hand,
adiponectin levels are low in diabetes and obesity, and these patients generally have low irisin
levels due to being sedentary. It is a common belief that for overweight individuals, other than
morbid obese people, and prediabetic and diabetic individuals, candidate biomarker (s) from
cytokines to monitor the effectiveness of diet and exercise can generally be detected. It is known
that adipokines are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus
together with pro-inflammatory cytokines and can be used as prognostic markers and may be
involved in the therapeutic approaches to obesity-related Type 2 DM. During the long-term
latent course of diabetes at the prediabetic stage, it is important to identify an early diagnostic
biomarker.