Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International ICONTECH CONFERENCE-5, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, 5 - 06 Şubat 2022, ss.182-189
Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Lung, colorectal, prostate and breast cancer are the most diagnosed forms of this disease. Most of the drugs used or currently tested in cancer treatments are derived from plants, bacteria or fungi. Bacteria are one of the most important sources of natural products of medical and biotechnological importance. Bacteria produce enzymes, bacteriocins, toxins, and antibiotics, which are protein or peptide and have anticancer properties. To important anticancer enzymes originating from bacteria; asparaginase and arginine deaminase to bacteriocins; colicin, bovicin, nisin, pediocin, plantaricin, pyosin and microsin E492 to toxins; diphtheria toxin, exo-toxin A, botulinum toxin and antibiotics; Actinomycin D, bleomycin, doxorubicin and mitomycin C can be given as examples. For example, it has been reported that asparaginase from Escherichia coli for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia; microscin E492 from Klebsiella pneumoniae for treatment of leukemia, cervical and colon cancer; pediocin PA-1 from Pediococcus acidilactici for treatment of lung and colon cancer; bleomycin from Streptomyces verticillus for the treatment of Hodgink lymphoma, testicular and ovarian cancer; doxorubisin from Streptomyces peucetius for treatment of breast, neuroblastoma, ovary, lymphoma, leukemia, stomach and thyroid cancers can be used. Bacteria also produce non-ribosomal peptides such as arenamide, ariachemycin, halolitoralin, lajollamycin, lusentamycin, mechercharmycin A, mixirin, padanamide, piperazimycin, proximycin, urukthapelstatin and halolitoralin, which have anticancer activity like other proteins or peptides. Arenamide from Salinispora arenicola against colon cancer; halolitoral from Halobacillus litoralis against stomach cancer; proximycin from Verrucosispora sp against stomach and breast cancer and urukthapelstatin from Mechercharimyces assporophorigenens against lung and ovarian cancers may be used as drugs.
Key words: bacterium, anticancer, biological activity