Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, cilt.25, ss.328-344, 2021 (Hakemli Dergi)
Abstract: The National Struggle, carried out by Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his comrades,
constitutes a very important historical phase. Amasya Circular, Erzurum Congress, Sivas
Congress, Meeting of the Last Ottoman Parliament, Acceptance of the National Pact and Opening
of the First Turkish National Assembly were recorded as important developments in this process.
All these developments made great contributions to the systematization of the National
Struggle. The only factor that brought this determined struggle into practice, in other words,
brought it to the goal, was the battlefields. This process, which is defined as the Period of Battles
in literature, undoubtedly constituted a critical phase of the War of Independence. The victory of
)Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü (e-posta:
ulviufuk.tosun@atauni.edu.tr) ORCID ID. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1076-4261
Bu makale araştırma ve yayın etiğine uygun hazırlanmıştır intihal incelemesinden geçirilmiştir.
329 Ulvi Ufuk Tosun A T A S O B E D
2021 25 (Özel Sayı): 328-344
the 1st and 2nd İnönü Wars inspired the determination that the country would be saved from the
occupation by increasing the morale-motivation of the Turkish army. This morale and motivation;
Kütahya had left its place to great pessimism with the loss of the Eskişehir Wars. This morale and
motivation left its place to great pessimism with the defeat in Kütahya and Eskişehir Wars. The
defeat, the losing some cities, even the occupation threat to lose Ankara, where the National
Struggle was led and disintegration in the army to a significant degree in addition to all these
negativities carried these concerns and pessimism further. Such a psychology prevailed on the
Turkish side. On the other hand, to the Greek side, it was thought that the final stage of the war
was near for the complete capture of Anatolia. They were overwhelmed with the excitement of
winning the Battle of Sakarya and reaching this goal. This war was a matter of life and death for
the Turkish side. If the Greek army could not be stopped, the country could be completely occupied.
Realizing such an end, Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his comrades attached great importance to the
war in question and began to make preparations in that direction.
This study aims to contribute to the cognition of how the largely disintegrated Turkish army
after the Kütahya and Eskişehir Wars, was compiled and prepared for the Battle of Sakarya.
Keywords: Turkish army, Kütahya-Eskişehir Wars, Law for Commander – in Chief, Command
of National Taxes, Sakarya Battle