Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL-BEARING PLANTS, ss.1-13, 2026 (Scopus)
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a valuable aromatic herb
widely used for its essential oils with culinary and medicinal
applications. With increasing interest in sustainable agriculture, the
use of beneficial microorganisms is gaining importance as an alternative
to synthetic inputs. This field study investigated the effects of
mineral fertilizer (100 kg ha-1 nitrogen, 100 kg ha-1 phosphorus, and 50 kg ha-1 potassium), farmyard manure (20 tons ha-1
cattle manure), and multi-strain bacterial inoculants on the growth,
yield, and essential oil characteristics of rosemary. Bacterial
treatments included five single strains (Pseudomonas fluorescens RC512 and RC536, Bacillus megaterium RC16, B. subtilis RC210, and B. licheniformis
RC502) and two three-strain combinations (RC512 + RC210 + RC16 and
RC536 + RC210 + RC502). The fertilizers were applied during soil
preparation, while biofertilizer treatments involved dipping seedling
roots in bacterial suspensions before planting. Most microbial
treatments significantly enhanced plant height, number of branches, herb
biomass, leaf yield, and essential oil content and yield, with some
combinations performing comparably or even better than mineral
fertilizer. The essential oils were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes
and monoterpene hydrocarbons, including 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, camphor,
verbenone, borneol, and linalool. These findings suggest that selected
bacterial inoculants could improve rosemary productivity and oil
quality, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional
fertilization practices.