Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW BULLETIN, 2026 (ESCI)
With the rapid growth of digitalisation, consumertransactions have gained a new dimension, while delays, high costs, and access barriers in traditional courts have intensified the need for faster and more efficient solutions. In this context, ODR models, characterised by low cost, flexibility, and useroriented design, provide significant advantages for individuals and institutions. The study first examines consumer disputes and existing mechanisms in Turkish law and then explores the conceptual foundations, evolution, advantages, and limitations of ODR. In addition to strengths such as speed, costeffectiveness, and accessibility, challenges related to enforceability, impartiality, and technical infrastructure are discussed. The UNCITRAL Technical Notes on ODR are analysed to assess international standards of justice, transparency, and accountability. Turkish implementations, including UYAP, ehearings, the Consumer Information System, online mediation, and online arbitration, are evaluated. The comparative section reviews ODR models from the European Union, the United States, Canada, Singapore, Brazil, and China. While the EU ODR platform has struggled due to its voluntary structure, Brazil's Consumidor.gov.br has succeeded through state support and transparency. The Civil Resolution Tribunal in Canada and Singapore's Community Justice and Tribunals System further demonstrate that ODR can become an integral part of the judiciary. The article concludes with key lessons and recommendations for adapting the ODR to the Turkish legal system.