Determination of process-related impurities in N-acetylglucosamine prepared by chemical and enzymatic methods: structural elucidation and quantification

Kim Y. S., Lee S. J., Choi J. Y., Kim Y., Desta K. T., Piao Z., ...Daha Fazla

ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH, cilt.39, sa.7, ss.937-945, 2016 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 39 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2016
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s12272-016-0755-3
  • Dergi Adı: ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.937-945
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: beta-N-acetylglucosamine, Process-related impurity, Tandem mass spectrometry, Chitin, Nuclear magnetic resonance, ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE, HYALURONIC-ACID
  • Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

beta-N-acetylglucosamine (beta-AG) is a monosaccharide distributed widely in living organisms with various pivotal roles. The presence of particulates and impurities can affect the safety and efficacy of a product for its intended duration of use. Thus, the current study was carried out to identify and quantify the potentially-harmful process related impurities; namely alpha-N,6-diacetylglucosamine (alpha-DAG) and alpha-N-acetylglucosamine (alpha-AG), derived from the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of beta-AG. The impurities were characterized using a high resolution mass spectrometry, a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The developed method showed a good linearity (R (2) a parts per thousand yen 0.998), satisfactory precision (a parts per thousand currency sign6.1 % relative standard deviation), intra- and inter-day accuracy (88.20-97.50 %), extraction recovery (89.30-110.50 %), matrix effect (89.70-105.20 %), and stability (92.70-101.60 %). The method was successfully applied to determine the level of alpha-DAG that was 3.04 and 0.07 % of the total beta-AG, following chemical and enzymatic methods, respectively. It can be concluded that the enzymatic rather than the chemical method is more efficient for the synthesis of beta-AG. Characterization of impurities heeds the signal for acquiring and evaluating data that establishes biological safety.