Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
11th INTERNATIONAL CUKUROVA AGRICULTURE AND VETERINARY CONGRESS, Adana, Türkiye, 27 - 28 Aralık 2025, ss.22, (Özet Bildiri)
Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) is widely valued in both traditional and modern pharmaceutical applications due to its high levels of pharmacologically significant bioactive compounds, particularly diosgenin and trigonelline. This review comprehensively examines how various agronomic practices influence the accumulation and concentration of these compounds. Key agricultural factors considered include fertilization, irrigation strategies, genotype variation, crop management techniques, planting geometry and seeding rate. Current literature suggests that appropriate fertilization strategies can significantly enhance diosgenin and trigonelline biosynthesis, while water management practices affect metabolic responses
and compound accumulation. Marked differences between rainfed and irrigated conditions highlight the role of environmental stress and water availability in secondary metabolite production. Genotypic variation is also a major determinant of diosgenin and trigonelline content, underscoring the influence of genetic background on phytochemical profiles. Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin synthesized via the mevalonate pathway from sterol precursors such as cycloartenol and β-sitosterol, through a series of complex enzymatic steps. Trigonelline, on the other hand, is a pyridine alkaloid formed by the methylation of nicotinic acid using S-adenosylmethionine and is known for its role in osmotic regulation and cellular defense, especially under stress conditions. The biosynthetic pathways of both compounds are highly responsive to environmental and agronomic variables, including fertilization, water stress, sowing density, and genetic factors. In addition, agronomic practices such as sowing geometry and sowing rate influence the synthesis of bioactive compounds indirectly by affecting light interception, nutrient uptake, and photosynthetic efficiency. Optimizing these parameters can increase the accumulation of diosgenin and trigonelline, thereby enhancing the pharmacological value of the plant. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of recent findings on the agronomic modulation of chemical composition in fenugreek and highlights potential strategies to enhance the biosynthesis of diosgenin and trigonelline. The findings emphasize the critical role of targeted agronomic interventions in improving the functional food and medicinal potential of fenugreek