New Schiff bases and Ag(I) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic and 1,2,3-triazole moieties: design, synthesis, characterization and apoptotic activities in lung cancer (A549 cell)
Inorganica Chimica Acta, cilt.603, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 603
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.ica.2026.123389
- Dergi Adı: Inorganica Chimica Acta
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Ag(I) complexes, Apoptosis, Cytotoxic activity, Lung cancer, Schiff bases
- Atatürk Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Although Schiff base–Ag(I) complexes have been extensively investigated for anticancer applications, the development of click-derived N-heterocyclic aldehyde-based systems with enhanced apoptotic activity and cancer cell selectivity remains limited. In this study, novel N-heterocyclic aldehyde derivatives (Ald1 and Ald2) were designed and synthesized via click chemistry to combine the structural versatility of N-heterocyclic scaffolds with the biological potential of Schiff bases and Ag(I) coordination. These aldehydes were subjected to Schiff base reactions with bioactive amines, yielding a series of new imine ligands (Sch1-Sch4). The structure of all synthesized compounds was confirmed using mass spectrometry, FT-IR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In addition, single-crystal X-ray diffraction was carried out to analyze the solid-state structures of the aldehydes Ald1 and Ald2. Subsequently, Ag(I) complexes of the synthesized compounds were obtained, their structures elucidated, and their thermal stability evaluated. The newly synthesized N-heterocyclic aldehydes (Ald1 and Ald2), Schiff bases (Sch1-Sch4), and their Ag(I) complexes were evaluated against A549 lung cancer and MRC-5 normal fibroblast cells using the SRB (Sulforhodamine B assay). Ag(I) coordination was generally associated with enhanced antiproliferative activity while maintaining moderate selectivity toward cancer cells. Gene expression analysis revealed modulation of apoptosis- and multidrug resistance-related markers, including BAX, BCL-2, CASP3, p53, and ABCB1. Overall, the results demonstrate that the combination of click-derived N-heterocyclic scaffolds, Schiff base functionality, and Ag(I) coordination provides a useful platform for the development of biologically active compounds and warrants further investigation.