FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE SEMANTIC RELATIONS IN RUSSIAN SENTENCES

Introduction. The theoretical positions of the correlation of the structure of linguistic units and their semantic relations as an object of studying the structural and semantic direction of the modern Russian language are considered in the article. Purpose. Investigate particular factors that affect the change in the meaning relations in simple and complex sentences, depending on the lexical content associated with the speech goal of a speaker or a writer. Methods. Descriptive, analytical, comparative methods are ed in the article. Results. Modern researchers produce testimony to statement that the lexis and syntax, representing different levels of the linguistic system, are closely related: vocabulary is defined as the semantics of syntactical units, as their structure. In the construction of the syntactic units, the choice of lexis is determined by the speaker's needs to represent this or that information about reality. Lexis invades actively the area of the syntactic meanings. The communicative aspect influences the capacity of the members of sentence, on the semantic discrimination of the subject and the predicate, strengthens or weakens the value of the nominative meanings. Emotional-evaluative elements include a stylistic aspect and affect the structure of the sentence, combining semantic and grammatical factors. The direction of the semantic syntax put forward the concept of proposition as a model called the sentence of the “state of affairs.” The structure of the proposition is determined by the predicate, it indicates

Вісник КНЛУ. Серія Філологія. Том 20. No 2. 2017

the participants of the “state of affairs” (actants), determines their quantity and roles. The study of the semantic organization of the sentence and the factors that influence their changes is carried out simultaneously from the side of lexicology and semantic syntax. The dominant is the proposition that a sentence, like a word, is a nominative unit. The difference is only in the representation of the correlative operation performed by the subject. The factor of the transitivity of syntactic phenomena is parallel complementary functions. Conclusions. Understanding the community of the words and sentences functions as nominative units combined the possibilities of lexicology and syntax, which expanded the field of interpretation characteristics of structural schemes of the sentence. Investigating the phenomenon of the transition of the one type of syntactic unit to another, we indicated the general and complementary factors of the semantic relationship changings.

Keywords: structural and semantic direction, lexical-semantic units, semantic syntax, proposition, predicate, denoter, actant, communicative factor, structural and semantic analysis, nominative units.